Have you ever wondered how our brain waves are connected to the oxygen levels in our blood? The relationship between blood oxygenation and brain waves is a fascinating topic that has intrigued scientists and researchers for years.
More importantly, we have developed dual-wavelength excitation at 532 nm and 558 nm, enabling functional brain imaging at high speed. We have developed an automatic image registration method to overcome the misalignment of the polygon facets due to water damping. Moreover, we have applied a deep-learning approach to mitigate the spatial undersampling and substantially improved the image quality. Also preceding extracellular plaque formation in the AD brain significantly increased ROS production and oxidative stress. Substantially increased ROS activity and oxidative damage is consistently detected in AD patients by various measures (Hensley et al., 1995; Gabbita et al., 1998; Praticò et al., 1998; Calingasan et al., 1999; Greilberger et al., 2008). Increased oxidative stress occurs early in disease progression being observed in patients with mild AD as well as in cases of mild cognitive impairment, at high-risk of developing AD (Baldeiras et al., 2008).
Such work is beginning to reveal new levels of richness and complexity in sociability. In classrooms where students are engaged with the teacher, for example, their patterns of brain processing begin to align with that teacher’s—and greater alignment may mean better learning. Neural waves in certain brain regions of people listening to a musical performance match those of the performer—the greater the synchrony, the greater the enjoyment. Couples exhibit higher degrees of brain synchrony than nonromantic pairs, as do close friends compared with more distant acquaintances. And even if you forget that hypertension is bad for your brain, remember that men with normal blood pressures live about five years longer than hypertensive men.
The Role of Oxygen in the Brain
Maintaining a pO2 above 12 kPa and higher may improve oxidative cerebral energy metabolism and pressure autoregulation, particularly in cases of limited energy substrate supply in the early phase of TBI. Evaluating the cerebral energy metabolic profile could yield a better patient selection for hyperoxic treatment in future trials. Around the same time, neuroscientist Christina Zelano and colleagues reported similar findings in humans. This synchronizing effect diminished when the researchers asked subjects to breathe through their mouth, suggesting that sensory feedback from nasal airflow plays a key role. Growing evidence suggests breathing may set the pace for some of these oscillations. In experiments with rodents, several research teams have found that the breathing rhythm influences waves of activity in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory.
NIRS monitoring has also been applied to cerebral blood oxygen saturation monitoring in infants and young children, and does not usually cause extra damage in these patients thanks to its non-invasive and safe nature. It is also considered as the most suitable cerebral blood oxygen saturation monitoring method for infants and young children [75]. Tran [76] et al. found that for infants under 1 year old, there exists significant differences in cerebral blood oxygen saturation at different body positions.
The skull was kept wet using saline, and two coronal lines at the level of AP −2 mm and AP + 4 mm and two sagittal lines along the border of temporal muscles were drilled until the skull became moveable. Using bone wax to seal tiny bleeding sites, the skull was carefully lifted and removed. The transcranial window was then mounted on the skull and glued using Cyanoacrylate (BSI, Atascadero, CA).
Oxygen plays a crucial role in the functioning of the brain. The brain is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body, and it requires a constant supply of oxygen to carry out its functions effectively. When the brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen, it can lead to cognitive impairments and other serious health issues.
This retrospective study was based on 115 patients with severe TBI treated in the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala university hospital, Sweden, 2008 to 2018. Data from cerebral microdialysis (MD), arterial blood gases, hemodynamics, and intracranial pressure were analyzed the first 10 days post-injury. In recent years, researchers have begun to unravel some of the underlying neural mechanisms of breathing and its many influences on body and mind. In the late 1980s, neuroscientists identified a network of neurons in the brainstem that sets the rhythm for respiration. That discovery has been a springboard for investigations into how the brain integrates breathing with other behaviors. At the same time, researchers have been finding evidence that breathing may influence activity across wide swaths of the brain, including ones with important roles in emotion and cognition.
The Connection Between Blood Oxygenation and Brain Waves
One of the key ways in which blood oxygenation is linked to brain waves is through a process called neurovascular coupling. This process involves the regulation of blood flow to active regions of the brain in response to neural activity. When a particular area of the brain becomes more active, it requires more oxygen to function properly. As a result, blood flow to that region increases, delivering more oxygen-rich blood.
Studies have shown that changes in blood oxygen levels can directly impact the amplitude and frequency of brain waves. For example, when oxygen levels in the blood decrease, it can lead to a decrease in alpha waves, which are associated with relaxation and wakeful rest. On the other hand, an increase in oxygen levels can enhance gamma waves, which are linked to higher cognitive functions such as memory and attention.
Overall, the relationship between blood oxygenation and brain waves is a complex and dynamic one. By understanding how these two factors are interconnected, researchers hope to gain insights into various neurological conditions and develop more effective treatments in the future.
