Hammond [93] in a review summarized their own study based on [106] protocol and showed that unmedicated subjectively depressed adults improved on the MMPI depression score posttreatment. A few studies [91, 98, 111] utilized slow/fast brainwave balance within one lateralized lead instead of left-right balance within a frequency band. Protocol by Dias and van Deusen [91] has anecdotal support from a single case. Twenty sessions of neurofeedback aimed at increasing beta-1 power at C4 with eyes open and alpha/beta 3 ratio at P4 led to increase in alpha and beta-1 powers with simultaneous decrease in beta-2 power and improvement on depression, anxiety, and quality of sleep [98]. Below we discuss existing studies of frontal alpha asymmetry neurofeedback and few trials of other protocols based on emotional frontal EEG asymmetry concept.
Patients improved on BDI-II scores, Clinical Global Impression scale, and Hamilton anxiety and depression scores; however, frontal alpha asymmetry did not change significantly. According to HAM-D norms, 35% and 75% of patients responded and 15% and 55% remitted after one and two months of training, respectively. Mennella et al. [109] mentioned that the majority of preliminary studies of frontal alpha asymmetry protocol demonstrated participants’ ability to modulate asymmetry index though it had no impact on the current mood of trainees measured with PANAS. The authors also cite some evidence that asymmetry may be caused by excessive right prefrontal activity related to anxiety and by inferior left prefrontal activity more relevant to depression. So in a course of neurofeedback, not only the asymmetry index changes but also separate left and right frontal alpha power modulations may be of clinical significance. The authors’ own randomized study [109] showed that healthy females improved on mood after frontal alpha asymmetry training and not after the alpha power upregulation training.
The right activity neurofeedback group also failed to reduce subjective stress response, while the left and placebo groups managed to do this, consistent with the current understanding of relations between asymmetry and mood. To account for the heterogeneity of depression, separate subsections were formed for major depression and other depressive disorders. The structure with sections illustrating modalities and protocols and subsections devoted to different levels of disorder severity brings clarity and was adopted from the review by Shaffer and Zerr [10].
So I recently acquired this Neurofeedback/Biofeedback Machine, and I am eager to learn more about its capabilities. Does anyone have experience or knowledge about these machines? I would appreciate any insights or tips on how to make the most out of this technology.
Understanding Neurofeedback/Biofeedback Machines
NeXus-10 offers up to 4 channels of brain actitivy or muscle activity as well as up to 4 additional channels for peripheral signals like heart rate, relative blood flow, skin conductance, respiration, temperature, and more. It also has an extra input for triggers and one input for digital sensors. My neurofeedback practitioner actually suggests that some people may only need consistent practice with the Muse. Depending on the patient and the results of their “brain mapping,” she’ll sometimes recommend the Muse instead of neurofeedback training at her clinic. Typically, companies will cover neurofeedback sessions if a licensed medical professional or therapist is present for talk therapy or psychotherapy. By learning to control these physiological functions, individuals can effectively manage their stress response and improve overall relaxation.
Neurofeedback and biofeedback machines are devices that monitor physiological processes in real-time, providing feedback to help individuals regulate their own bodily functions. This technology can be used for various purposes, such as improving focus, reducing stress, enhancing relaxation, and even managing certain medical conditions.
Each system has its unique advantages and disadvantages, so careful consideration is necessary when choosing the appropriate one for your needs. In general, neurofeedback equipment is safe to use when appropriate safety measures are taken by qualified professionals who have received proper training in its application. Therefore, ensuring that the operator has relevant certifications and experience working with patients before undergoing this type of treatment is essential. For instance, a case study reported a 37-year-old woman who experienced seizures while receiving neurofeedback training for her anxiety disorder.
Understanding the difference between biofeedback and neurofeedback is the first step in deciding whether these treatments may be right for you. It can be employed as a complement or alternative to traditional therapeutic approaches. Biofeedback is commonly used to help individuals gain control of involuntary functions and enjoy better physical performance. While neurofeedback is similar, there are differences that any patient should understand before seeking treatment. But that doesn’t mean you can’t take control of your own brain and mental health starting today.
Benefits of Neurofeedback/Biofeedback Machines
- Enhanced focus and concentration
- Reduced stress and anxiety levels
- Improved sleep quality
- Assistance in managing conditions like ADHD, PTSD, and migraines
Frequently Asked Questions
- How does neurofeedback/biofeedback work?
- Are these machines safe to use?
- What are some practical tips for using these devices effectively?
As I delve deeper into the world of neurofeedback and biofeedback, I am excited to explore the potential benefits and applications of this technology. If you have any information or resources to share, please feel free to contribute to the discussion. Let’s learn together and harness the power of these innovative devices!
