Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While many individuals with diabetes are able to manage their condition effectively, there are times when a diabetic emergency can occur. It’s important to be aware of the signs of a diabetic emergency so that you can take action quickly and potentially save a life.
You may also discover a diabetes diagnosis after visiting your doctor for another condition or for routine blood work. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes tend to come on more gradually than type 1 diabetes. In the early stages of diabetes, there may be no symptoms at all. Additionally, carrying glucose gel with you or having a sugar lump once in a while are great ways to reduce the effect of hypoglycemia.
Stress and the dawn phenomenon (a surge of hormones that leads to high blood sugar in the morning), could also lead to hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dL while fasting, which is defined as not eating for at least eight hours. At some point in their life, most people will witness or be involved in an accident or medical emergency. Knowing what to do and when you should call the emergency services can potentially save lives. People with diabetes are at higher risk for infections of the feet if they have nerve and blood vessel problems. You should do what you can to avoid walking through contaminated water or injuring your feet.
What you choose to eat, how much you eat, and when you eat are parts of a meal plan. Having healthy foods and drinks can help keep your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels in the ranges your health care professional recommends. In some cases, health care professionals may also recommend diabetes medicines that may help you lose weight, or weight-loss surgery, also called metabolic and bariatric surgery. High levels of ketones in your blood can lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a medical emergency that should be treated right away. Occasionally, DKA may affect people with type 2 diabetes who have lost their ability to produce insulin.
NIDDK conducts and supports clinical trials in many diseases and conditions, including diabetes. The trials look to find new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease and improve quality of life. Taking less insulin before physical activity may help prevent low blood glucose, but it may also make you more likely to have high blood glucose.
What are 3 Signs of a Diabetic Emergency?
Early detection and treatment of diabetes can decrease the risk of developing the complications of diabetes. Thus, whatever branch of medicine you chose, you are likely to have people with diabetes under your care. During digestion, the body breaks down carbohydrates from foods — such as bread, rice and pasta — into sugar molecules. Glucose is absorbed and goes directly into your bloodstream after you eat, but it can’t enter the cells of most of the body’s tissues without the help of insulin.
Ask your health care team if you should eat before, during, or after physical activity. Some diabetes medicines, such as sulfonylureas or insulin, may make your blood glucose level drop too low during exercise or if you skip or delay a meal. Although high blood sugar is a common symptom of diabetes, if sugar levels consistently maintain a high range, it’s a diabetic emergency. Severe hyperglycemia is characterized by blood glucose readings greater than 125 mg/dl when you haven’t eaten for at least 8 hours. However, very high blood sugar levels can lead to life-threatening complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Work with your health care team to create a meal plan that works for you.
1. Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition for individuals with diabetes. Some common signs of hypoglycemia include:
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Sweating
- Shakiness
- Weakness
- Fast heartbeat
2. Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is another common issue for individuals with diabetes. Some signs of hyperglycemia include:
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blurred vision
3. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. Some signs of DKA include:
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Fruity-smelling breath
If you or someone you know experiences any of these signs of a diabetic emergency, it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Ignoring these symptoms can lead to further complications and even death. Remember, early recognition and treatment of a diabetic emergency can make all the difference in saving a life.
